Interview with an ONLF commander, 12 March 2014. Interview with an ONLF commander, 21 February 2014 and 14 May 2014. Interview with an ONLF commander, 25 July 2014. Based on multiple interviews with two ONLF commanders and an ONLF operative; and an interview with a former Ogadeni intelligence source in July 2014 and August 2014.

          Interviews with two ONLF commanders, 21 February and 15 April 2014.

Interview with an ONLF commander, 25 July 2014.

A source with close ties to ONLF, interviewed on 4 July 2014, stated that Mogadishu had gradually turned into an operational base for ONLF since 2012, following efforts by Puntland and Somaliland to restrict ONLF operating networks. The source claimed that ONLF had cultivated contacts within the Federal Government of Somalia to ensure operational stability within Mogadishu. This aspect will be discussed below. Two sources with ONLF links, interviewed on 10 June and 4 July 2014, stated that they were aware of weapons deliveries from ONLF sources in Yemen to north-eastern Somalia in the past.

Interview on 14 May 2014 with an ONLF commander, who stated that he had travelled via Cairo to Kampala and then on to Nairobi and Mogadishu in October 2013. Another commander stated on 27 February 2014 that he knew Sheekh Deeq Mohamed had travelled to Mogadishu via Yemen.

A source at Mogadishu International Airport noted down the individual’s itinerary and obtained copies of his Eritrean immigration papers. The source said that airport authorities had released the individual following the cash payment.

Interviews with Ali Dheere in February 2014, March 2014 and May 2014.

Interview with Ali Dheere in May 2014. He claims that he had been taken to see Farah Abdiqadir by a personal contact in Mogadishu from the Haber Gedir/Ayr clan. In another interview on 10 June 2014, a former ONLF commander stated that he had travelled to Mogadishu with the ONLF financier, Faizal Dahir Nur, in February 2013, where he had also met Farah Abdiqadir, although Farah Abdiqadir had told them that the Federal Government of Somalia did not consider ONLF welcome.

Interview with Ali Dheere, March 2014.

Interview with ONLF commander, 21 February 2014, and with source physically close to Sheikh Deeq, 4 July 2014.

Interview, 4 July 2014.

Interview, 14 May 2014.

Interview, 4 July 2014.

Interview with an ONLF former fighter, 25 February 2014. The individual was arrested by the Puntland authorities before he reached Somaliland.

Interviews with two Somali intelligence officers, February 2014.

Interview with former ONLF fighter on 12 March 2014 who described his presence in Hargeisa as far back as 2011 and a number of ONLF ammunition procurement officers who were also based in the city.

Interview with Puntland intelligence source and associate of an Al-Shabaab Amniyat officer based in Galkacyo during 2013, 25 February 2014.

Interview with an ONLF commander, 25 July 2014.

Interview with a former Ogadeni intelligence operative in July 2014 and August 2014.

Confidential account of a foreign security source in Somalia, July 2014.

The full interview, which was aired on Voice of America Somalia is available from: www.voasomali.com/content/article/1929782.html.

See http://onlf.org/?p=602.

This is according to the TPDM website: http://demhitonline.blogspot.com.tr/p/aim.html.

Former Ginbot Sebat fighters told the Monitoring Group that they saw TPDM being trained in Harena. Also, interview with a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in November 2013 and August 2014; and interview with a former senior PFDJ official in March 2014.

ATPDM video published on 2 June 2014 claims to show TPDM fighters graduating following a military and political course: http://tpdmtv.vidmy.com/video/93i663y9zcc0.

A video published on 23 May 2013 purportedly showcases the ability of TPDM to attack Ethiopia’s ruling party, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front: www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuodBhoUZQ0.

Skype interview with a member of an NGO in contact with TPDM leadership figures in July 2014.

Interview with a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in November 2013.

Interviews with a former senior Eritrean official in December 2013 and a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military in November 2013. The incident was also reported in the press; see http://hornaffairs.com/en/2013/12/16/eritrea-unraveling-isaias-afeworki-authored-identity/ http://awate.com/a-mercenary-army-isaias-afwerkis-last-stand/.

Interviews with a former PFDJ official in March 2014; a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in November 2013; a former senior Eritrean official in December 2013; and Skype interviews with a member of an NGO in contact with TPDM leadership in July 2014 and August 2014.

This development was described to the Monitoring Group by a former senior Eritrean official in December 2013, a former PFDJ official in March 2014, a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in November 2013, and an Eritrean source advising the president of Djibouti with close contacts in the Sudan and Ethiopia in January 2014.

This is based on figures obtained from a former high-ranking Eritrean official in November 2013 and August 2014, and a former senior PFDJ official in March 2014, both of whom estimated that there are currently around 20,000 TPDM fighters. Moreover, a European-based human rights activist who is in close contact with Eritrean refugees also told the Monitoring Group in April 2014 that she had been informed by newly arrived refugees that there were "tens of thousands” of TPDM fighters in Eritrea.

Interviews with a former senior Eritrean official in December 2013, a former PFDJ official in March 2014, a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in November 2013 and August 2014.

Skype interviews with a member of an NGO in contact with leaders of Ethiopian armed groups in July 2014 and August 2014.

Interviews with a former senior Eritrean official in March 2014; and a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in August 2014.

Interview with a former Eritrean general with active contacts within the military establishment in November 2013.

As explained by an NGO researcher with contacts within the Ginbot Sebat leadership in July 2014 and August 2014.

The Group met with former Ginbot Sebat fighters in Addis Ababa on 16 and 17 January and
4 February 2014.

The Monitoring Group did not include pictures of the ONLF grenade pins in its 2011 report. For more information on that case, see  HYPERLINK "http://undocs.org/S/2011/433" S/2011/433, annex 8.3.

Mr. Andargachew Tsige was arrested while in transit in Yemen en route to Eritrea on 23 June 2014 and extradited to Ethiopia the following month.

For more information on the Oromo Liberation Front, see  HYPERLINK "http://undocs.org/S/2012/545" S/2012/545.

In paragraph 19 (b) of its resolution  HYPERLINK "http://undocs.org/S/RES/1907(2009)" 1907 (2009), the Security Council states that the Monitoring Group may consider any information relevant to implementation of paragraphs 16 and 17 of the resolution that should be brought to the attention of the Committee.

Multiple interviews were conducted throughout the mandate with former Eritrean senior officials, former diplomats, and Eritrean businessmen with first-hand knowledge of the country’s finances and economy across Europe, Africa, Australia, the Middle East and North America. Multiple interviews of former fighters were conducted in Addis Ababa in January 2014 and February 2014. In addition, interviews were conducted with a former fighter in Somalia in February 2014, a former senior ranking officer of the Eritrean military in October 2013, and an ONLF commander in February and 26 July 2014.

Multiple interviews with Eritrean businessmen based in Juba, in November 2013, and March 2014; in Dubai, in April 2014, May 2014, and June 2014; and in Kampala, in October 2013.

Information obtained from former senior Eritrean officials with first-hand knowledge of the finances of the country.

Several interviews were conducted throughout the mandate with former Eritrean senior officials responsible for the country’s commercial activities and Eritrean businessmen with first-hand-knowledge of the country’s finances and economy. Several interviews with a businessman connected to the Government of Eritrea, in Nairobi, in October 2013 and January 2014.

For more information on the military procurement, see the eastern Sudan case in sect. II.A of the present report.

The Monitoring Group obtained thousands of confidential banking and financial records from a major financial institution based in the European Union.

Interviews with an official involved in the country’s procurement activities in May 2014.

Interviews with an official involved in the country’s procurement activities in May 2014.

As of October 2007, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SPA has been acquired by BNP Paribas. Information on correspondent banks was retrieved from: http://www.erhcb.com/banks.htm.

See IMF Report at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2003/cr03166.pdf, page 34.

Several interviews held with a current Eritrean official with knowledge of the country’s commercial activities and a former senior Eritrean official in December 2013, and in May 2014.

Series of meetings with Dubai and Juba businesspeople, including an interview with a former senior Eritrean official in December 2013, March 2014 and May 2014.

Interviews with former senior Eritrean official responsible for establishing part of these structures in December 2013, March 2014, and May 2014.

Interviews with multiple sources, including Eritrean activists from the diaspora, former senior officials from  Housing and Commerce Bank in Eritrea and PFDJ, and the Central Bank of Eritrea, including current businessmen stationed in Juba, Dubai and London.

See  HYPERLINK "http://undocs.org/S/2011/433" S/2011/433, para. 377. This information has also been confirmed by former and current PFDJ sources in Dubai in May and December 2014, and by a former senior Eritrean official that has intimate knowledge of the country’s global financial structure, in February and April 2014.

There is limited information available in the public domain on "Deliza Limited”.

Due to fear of retribution by the Eritrean authorities, nearly all sources requested anonymity.

Statement by Mr. Araya Desta, Permanent Representative of Eritrea to the United Nations, during the informal consultations of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and  HYPERLINK "http://undocs.org/S/RES/1907(2009)" 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea, New York, 18 April 2012.

On 18 December 2013, a British-Eritrean national entered the Eritrean embassy in London, wearing a secret camera. In the footage and a translated document of the conversation that was provided to the Monitoring Group and circulated in the public domain, embassy officials requested that the individual pay the two per cent tax.